Rome+and+the+Barbarians

=**Chapter 6 : Rome and the Barbarians**=




 * CCT GOOGLE DOC**


 * [|She-Wolf]

She-She-Wolfwolf 2

~#49: "The Epistle to the Romans" - St. Paul ~#50: "Ecclesiastical History" - Eusebius of Caesarea
 * Just an FYI** : In class we will examine the following documents from //The Human Record//:

- Go to the [|Companion Website] and complete the Chapter 6 pretest

- Read Pages: 164 - 203 - Do Questions on page: 201 - 202


 * Rome and the Barbarians Lecture Notes(part I)**
 * Rome and the Barbarians Lecture Notes (part II)**
 * Rome and the Barbarians Lecture Notes (part III)**

Outline Google Doc

C6 Rome and the Barbarians I. The Roman Republic A. Legendary founding of Rome

1. Etruscan Rule

2. C. 509 BCE creation of the republic a) Military organization b) Elected officials, system of checks and balances B. Conquest of Italy 396-264 BCE

C. Punic Wars a) The threat of Hannibal (247-183 BCE)
 * 1) Rivalry with Carthage
 * 2) First Punic War 264-241 BCE; Roman conquest of Sicily
 * 3) Second Punic War 219-202 BCE

4. The third Punic War 149-246 BCE; destruction of Carthage D. Conquest of Europe

III. Military Might A. Militarism = central to Roman ideology B. Generals as politicians 1. Marian reform of army: recruitment of property soldiers Generals as politicians In the militaristic empire, generals gained power. Rome’s first military leaders were constrained by the aristocratic Senate and the general assembly of Rome. Marius reform of army: recruitment of property soldiers a. General Gaius Marius had campaigned himself to be elected consul in 107 B.C.E b. He broke up with the normal practice of recruiting only troops who owned property, and accepted solders who were indebted to him personally for their maintenance. c. He restructured the armies to increase their efficiency and arranged large allotments of land for veteran soldiers in North Africa, Gaul, Sicily, Greece, and Macedonia. d. This solved (temporarily) one of the great problems of Rome: How to accommodate soldiers returning home after long tours of duty. -A civil war broke out in Rome between Marius and Sulla -Sulla had declared himself dictator for 2 years -60 BCE a triumvirate between Julius Ceaser, Crassus, and Pompey -Caesar later took over as dictator for 3 years and was eventually murdered -Before dying he was a Praetor, being in that position he used strong methods to intimidate the senator
 * AP World Chapter 6 Part III Jigsaw**

=2. New dependence of soldiers on their generals:=

B. In 107 b.c.e, Gaius Marius campaigned to have himself consul. His soldiers eventually started to depend on him more than the government.
1. He went against the normal practice of recruiting only soldiers that owned a piece of land. He got soldiers who owed him some kind of debt. 2. Between the years, 107-100 b.c.e, Marius increased the armies efficiency. 3. He gave his soldiers land in north Africa, Gaul, Sicily, Greece, or Macedonia.

C. All the generals wanted more power, so they competed with each other.
1. Lucius Sulla and Gaius Marius: Made a Civil War in Rome.

2. Started a civil war in Rome. a. Started because Rome was fighting against Mithridates VI, king of Pontus. Sulla was called to be the general, buy Marius called the power to himself. b. Sulla got mad, rallied his troops, and invaded Rome to start the first Roman Civil War. (83-82 b.c.e.) 3. While Sulla went to Greece, defeated Mithridates, Marius teamed up with Lucius Cornelius Cinna to keep Sulla out. a. Sulla returned with his big army, and declared himself dictator for two years.

C. First Triumvirate 1. Triumvirate - an alliance of three men to rule An unofficial coalition was created between Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus formed in 60 B.C.E. Caesar ruled from 47 to 44 B.C.E. until murdered by rivals, which led to another being formed that included his heir Octavian, Mark Antony and Marcus Lepidus who were appointed to maintain public order. 2. Rise of Julius Caesar

" I came, I saw, I conquered. " -Julius Caesar - Julius Caesar was born into an old patrician family and was client to his married uncle Caius Marius. When Sulla told Julius to divorce Cornelius, the daughter of Lucius Cornelius Sinna, he refused and fled from rome in 81 B.C.E.. Julius Caesar returns in 78 B.C.E. and gains almost instant popularity. In 74 B.C.E. he went into Asia to repulse a Cappadocian army. Upon his return, he wanted reform of the government on popular lines and helped to advance the position of Pompey, the virtual head of the popular party. -military tribune before 70 B.C.E. - quaestor in Farther Spain in 69 B.C. E. -Returned to Rome in 68 B.C. E. -Elected //pontifex maximus// [high priest] in 63 B.C. E. allegedly by heavy bribes. -Reformed the calendar with the help of Sosiegenes. -In 63 B.C.E. Julius advocated for the mercy of Catiline and its conspirators gaining renowned hate from the senatorial pary. -In 62 B.C.E. Julius Caesar obtained a divorce on his second wife Pompeia.

3. Conquest of Gual
Gallic War tells of the nine years of military campaigns that brought all of Gaul under Rome. (58 BCE) Dominating Gaul was to protect it from invades. He left Rome at the end of his term as a consul because of it, and escaped legal prosecution for violent acts while serving that position. Dominating Gaul also allowed Rome to secure the Rhine river border. //"Gallic Wars: (now modern day france), Gaul lost. In a war whose ending foreshadows the next 2000 years of French history, France is conquered by of all things, an Italian."//

4. Caesar as dictator Caesor spent three years as a dictator. During these three years he revised the Roman calander, and created the Julian calender that lasted for 1500 years; proceeded to re-organize Romes government and extend citizenship for conquered peoples, continued the bread and circuses policy and took the bold move of appointing enemies to the public office as a form of reconciliation. He resolved the debts that had been created during the civil war. He selected his sister Julias grandson, Gaius Octavius as his heir. Caesar was assasinated, and his adopted son avenged Caesars death by murdering 300 senators and 2000 knights

4. Caesar as dictator Octavian married (40 BCE) his sister Octavia as a political tool. But After that he married Cleopatra. (36 BCE) Octavian had finally beat Antony and Cleopatra at the naval battle of Actium (31 BCE) When Octavian had died the Romans had made him a god. He ruled Rome for 56 years
 * D. Octavian - Antony civil war for sole control of Roman State**

- View the documents and answer the questions for the following sections on the CD-ROM: ~5.4, 5.5, 5.6

- Complete the following activities on the [|Companion Website]: ~Map Labeling ~Chapter Review

Note: You should email your answers to the questions from the companion website to . However, if you go to the Profile section of the companion website, you can load info there so you won't have to retype it every time.

Indus Valley Civilization & Early China and the Yellow River

The Indus Valley Civilization had written language but it was never deciphered, so things are some what unclear, like religion, origins, culture, and why the Indus Valley Civilization declined and disappeared. Early China and the Yellow River had written language as well, but things were more clear with China and their writing was deciphered. China had dynasties, one after another, there were only about two or three. Yellow River happened after Indus Valley Civilization. The difference between them is that China had dynasties, Indus didn’t. Scholars were able to find out more things about China then Indus. Some similarities is that they both traded, bother were by the coast, and they both had writing. - Brookelyn Kjenstad & Kelsey Hutchins